In the ancient baptismal liturgy, the Christian is asked to renounce three things: Satan, his works, and his empty promises. The third of these has always been the most fascinating, because it addresses the mode by which evil most characteristically operates. Satan rarely tempts in his odious, gargoyled, form. His works are seldom advertised as such. But his empty promises, the offer of something luminous that conceals something ruinous, can ensnare the best among us.
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