Tradition
Period
c. 165–175 Address to the Greeks Tatian 1 passage
  1. Chapter VII Concerning the Fall of Man

    For the heavenly Logos, a spirit emanating from the Father and a Logos from the Logos-power, in imitation of the Father who begat Him made man an image of immortality, so that, as incorruption is with…

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c. 180 Against Heresies Irenaeus of Lyons 1 passage
  1. Book III · Chapter XXI God showed himself, by the fall of man, as patient, benign, merciful, mighty to save. Man is therefore most ungrateful, if, unmindful of his own lot, and of the benefits held out to him, he do not acknowledge divine grace

    Long-suffering therefore was God, when man became a defaulter, as foreseeing that victory which should be granted to him through the Word. For, when strength was made perfect in weakness, it showed…

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c. 180 Theophilus to Autolycus Theophilus of Antioch 1 passage
  1. Book II · Chapter XXII Of the Fall of Man

    “Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which the Lord God had made. And the serpent said to the woman, Why hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? And the…

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c. 200–210 The Stromata, or Miscellanies Clement of Alexandria 1 passage
  1. Book III · Chapter I Text

    Sin autem malum est generatio, in malo blasphemi dicant fuisse Dominum qui fuit particeps generationis, in malo Virginera quæ genuit. Hei mihi! quot et quanta mala! Dei voluntatera maledictis…

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c. 207–212 Against Marcion Tertullian 1 passage
  1. Book II · Chapter XIII Further Description of the Divine Justice; Since the Fall of Man It Has Regulated the Divine Goodness. God’s Claims on Our Love and Our Fear Reconciled

    But yet, when evil afterwards broke out, and the goodness of God began now to have an adversary to contend against, God’s justice also acquired another function, even that of directing His goodness…

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c. 210 A Treatise on the Soul Tertullian 1 passage
  1. Chapter XL Notwithstanding the Depravity of Man’s

    Soul by Original Sin, There is Yet Left a Basis Whereon Divine Grace Can Work for Its Recovery by Spiritual Regeneration.

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c. 318 AD On the Incarnation Athanasius of Alexandria 5 passages
  1. Chapter V Humanity’s fall from grace into corruption and death

    2. For because of the Word dwelling with them, even their natural corruption did not come near them, as Wisdom also says: “God made man for incorruption, and as an image of His own eternity; but by…

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  2. Chapter VI The dilemma of death: God’s image perishing in mankind

    For this cause, then, death having gained upon men, and corruption abiding upon them, the race of man was perishing; the rational man made in God’s image was disappearing, and the handiwork of God was…

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  3. Chapter VII Why repentance alone could not solve humanity’s corruption

    2. So here, once more, what possible course was God to take? To demand repentance of men for their transgression? For this one might pronounce worthy of God; as though, just as from transgression men…

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  4. Chapter XI The Incarnation as God’s remedy for human ignorance

    5. So far indeed did their impiety go, that they proceeded to worship devils, and proclaimed them as gods, fulfilling their own lusts. For they performed, as was said above, offerings of brute…

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  5. Chapter XIII Why God could not remain silent while humanity worshipped idols

    8. But, again, it could not else have taken place had not death and corruption been done away.

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1530 The Augsburg Confession 2 passages
  1. Article II Of Original Sin

    Also they teach that since the fall of Adam all men begotten in the natural way are born with sin, that is, without the fear of God, without trust in God, and with concupiscence; and that this…

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  2. Article XIX Of the Cause of Sin

    Of the Cause of Sin they teach that, although God does create and preserve nature, yet the cause of sin is the will of the wicked, that is, of the devil and ungodly men; which will, unaided of God,…

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1536 / 1559 Institutes of the Christian Religion John Calvin 8 passages
  1. Book I · Chapter VI The Guidance And Teaching Of The Scripture Necessary To Lead To The Knowledge Of God The Creator

    Though the light which presents itself to all eyes, both in heaven and in earth, is more than sufficient to deprive the ingratitude of men of every excuse, since God, in order to involve all mankind…

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  2. Book I · Chapter XV The State Of Man At His Creation, The Faculties Of The Soul, The Divine Image, Free Will, And The Original Purity Of His Nature

    We must now treat of the creation of man, not only because he exhibits the most noble and remarkable specimen of the Divine justice, wisdom, and goodness, among all the works of God, but because, as…

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  3. Book II · Chapter I The Fall And Defection Of Adam The Cause Of The Curse Inflicted On All Mankind, And Of Their Degeneracy From Their Primitive Condition. The Doctrine Of Original Sin

    IV. But, since it could not have been a trivial offence, but must have been a detestable crime, that was so severely punished by God, we must consider the nature of Adam’s sin, which kindled the…

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  4. Book II · Chapter III Every Thing That Proceeds From The Corrupt Nature Of Man Worthy Of Condemnation

    II. Equally severe is the condemnation of the heart, when it is called “deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked.” But as I study brevity, I shall be content with citing a single passage,…

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  5. Book II · Chapter XII The Necessity Of Christ Becoming Man In Order To Fulfil The Office Of Mediator

    IV. The persons who consider these things, with the diligent attention which they deserve, will easily disregard vague speculations which attract minds that are inconstant and fond of novelty. Such is…

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  6. Book II · Chapter XIII Christ’s Assumption Of Real Humanity

    IV. The absurdities, with which these opponents wish to press us, are replete with puerile cavils. They esteem it mean and dishonourable to Christ, that he should derive his descent from men; because…

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  7. Book III · Chapter XXIII A Refutation of the Calumnies Generally, but Unjustly, Urged Against This Doctrine

    IV. They further object, Were they not, by the decree of God, antecedently predestinated to that corruption which is now stated as the cause of condemnation? When they perish in their corruption,…

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  8. Book III · Chapter XXV The Final Resurrection

    II. The supreme good was a subject of anxious dispute, and even contention, among the ancient philosophers; yet none of them, except Plato, acknowledged the chief good of man to consist in his union…

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1561 The Belgic Confession 4 passages
  1. Article XIV The Creation and Fall of Man, and His Incapacity to Perform What is Truly Good

    We believe that God created man out of the dust of the earth, and made and formed him after His own image and likeness, good, righteous, and holy, capable in all things to will agreeably to the will…

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  2. Article XV Original Sin

    We believe that through the disobedience of Adam original sin is extended to all mankind; which is a corruption of the whole nature and a hereditary disease, wherewith even infants in their mother’s…

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  3. Article XVI Eternal Election

    We believe that, all the posterity of Adam being thus fallen into perdition and ruin by the sin of our first parents, God then did manifest Himself such as He is; that is to say, merciful and just:…

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  4. Article XVII The Recovery of Fallen Man

    We believe that our most gracious God, in His admirable wisdom and goodness, seeing that man had thus thrown himself into temporal and spiritual death and made himself wholly miserable, was pleased to…

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1563 The Heidelberg Catechism 9 passages
  1. Q. 3 (Lord's Day 2) From where do you know your sins and misery? Read in context
  2. Q. 4 (Lord's Day 2) What does God’s law require of us?

    Christ teaches us this in a summary in Matthew 22: Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second…

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  3. Q. 5 (Lord's Day 2) Can you keep all this perfectly?

    No, I am inclined by nature to hate God and my neighbour.

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  4. Q. 6 (Lord's Day 3) Did God, then, create man so wicked and perverse?

    No, on the contrary, God created man good and in his image, that is, in true righteousness and holiness, so that he might rightly know God his Creator, heartily love him, and live with him in eternal…

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  5. Q. 7 (Lord's Day 3) From where, then, did man’s depraved nature come?

    From the fall and disobedience of our first parents, Adam and Eve, in Paradise, for there our nature became so corrupt that we are all conceived and born in sin.

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  6. Q. 8 (Lord's Day 3) But are we so corrupt that we are totally unable to do any good and inclined to all evil?

    Yes, unless we are regenerated by the Spirit of God.

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  7. Q. 9 (Lord's Day 4) But does not God do man an injustice by requiring in his law what man cannot do?

    No, for God so created man that he was able to do it. But man, at the instigation of the devil, in deliberate disobedience robbed himself and all his descendants of these gifts.

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  8. Q. 10 (Lord's Day 4) Will God allow such disobedience and apostasy to go unpunished?

    Certainly not. He is terribly displeased with our original sin as well as our actual sins. Therefore he will punish them by a just judgment both now and eternally, as he has declared: Cursed is…

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  9. Q. 11 (Lord's Day 4) But is God not also merciful?

    God is indeed merciful, but he is also just. His justice requires that sin committed against the most high majesty of God also be punished with the most severe, that is, with everlasting, punishment…

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1571 Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion 3 passages
  1. Article IX Of Original or Birth Sin

    Original sin standeth not in the following of Adam, (as the Pelagians do vainly talk;) but it is the fault and corruption of the Nature of every man, that naturally is engendered of the offspring of…

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  2. Article X Of Free Will

    The condition of Man after the fall of Adam is such, that he cannot turn and prepare himself, by his own natural strength and good works, to faith; and calling upon God. Wherefore we have no power to…

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  3. Article XVI Of Sin After Baptism

    Not every deadly sin willingly committed after Baptism is sin against the Holy Ghost, and unpardonable. Wherefore the grant of repentance is not to be denied to such as fall into sin after Baptism.…

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1647 Westminster Larger Catechism 1 passage
  1. Q. 26 How is original sin conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity?

    Original sin is conveyed from our first parents unto their posterity by natural generation, so as all that proceed from them in that way are conceived and born in sin.

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1647 Westminster Shorter Catechism 8 passages
  1. Q. 12 What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created?

    When God had created man, He entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death.

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  2. Q. 13 Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?

    Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God.

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  3. Q. 14 What is sin?

    Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.

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  4. Q. 15 What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

    The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created was their eating the forbidden fruit.

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  5. Q. 16 Did all mankind fall in Adam’s first transgression?

    The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression.

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  6. Q. 17 Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

    The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.

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  7. Q. 18 Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

    The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called…

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  8. Q. 19 What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

    All mankind, by their fall, lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever.

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1682 The Existence and Attributes of God Stephen Charnock 1 passage
  1. Discourse I On the Existence of God

    I question whether there ever was, or can be in the world, an uninterrupted and internal denial of the being of God, or that men (unless we can suppose conscience utterly dead) can arrive to such a…

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1689 London Baptist Confession 1 passage
  1. Chapter VI Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof

    Although God created man upright and perfect, and gave him a righteous law, which had been unto life had he kept it, and threatened death upon the breach thereof, yet he did not long abide in this…

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