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The Rise and Fall of Confession—and What It Reveals

January 15th, 2026 | 8 min read

By Trevin Wax

One of the more interesting books to appear last year was James M. O’Toole’s For I Have Sinned: The Rise and Fall of Catholic Confession in America. It traces the development and diminishment of the sacrament of penance in the Catholic Church, expressed in the act of regular confession and embodied in confessional booths inside many church buildings. The book provides a fascinating look at what became one of the most identifiably Catholic practices in America in the middle of the last century, and then the freefall that followed—such a stunning numerical decline that it makes the cultural ethos of confession’s heyday seem like news from a foreign land.

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Trevin Wax

Trevin Wax is vice president of research and resource development at the North American Mission Board and a visiting professor at Cedarville University. A founding editor of The Gospel Project, he is the author of multiple books, including The Thrill of Orthodoxy. He has taught courses on mission and ministry at Wheaton College and has lectured on Christianity and culture at Oxford University. His podcast is Reconstructing Faith.