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**For Clarification**
By saying that pessimism and optimism are analogous to bad and good, what do you mean? Do you mean morality? Pleasure and pain? Usefulness? Maybe I'm trying to be too precise...do you just mean "nice things" when you say good and "not nice things" when you say bad (regardless of what that might mean to different people)?
2. The real question about the relative maturity or immaturity of a sad, sober, nigh-despairing state of mind is this: Is reality really sad, sober, and desperate? or is it happy, vibrant, and hopeful?... It is on this that the real issue hangs (whether this person holds a rational belief in the benevolence of the universe, or a rational belief in the nasty, brutish, and unforgiving nature of the universe).
Agreed. A view that equates a movement towards cynicism and despair as a (positive) movement towards maturity is a view of reality as the sort of thing that justifies cynicism and despair.
This is why, in a pessimist's world, a movement towards darkness, futility, and despair is a movement towards maturity; it is a movement towards understanding, towards accepting the pessimist's version of reality as true.
2. You said, "we have not learned to be happy." I ask, "Is it possible to learn to be happy, or not?"
Yes, it is possible. To put it simply, we learn to be happy when we learn that we have reason to be happy. If we discover that the cosmos are a mix of good and bad but that the good will triumph over the bad, and we are on the side of the good, then we have reason to be happy. Conversely, we can learn to not be happy when we learn that there is no reason to be happy.
It is the work of discovering the true nature of the cosmos that remains to be explored.
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